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We review the evidence for a naturally occurring acid sulfate weathering event along the southern shore of Lake Michigan that was initiated ~15,000years BP (before present) at the close of the Wisconsin Glaciation. The evidence includes: (1) “unproductive black soils” that were encountered when settlers drained the wetlands in the area for agriculture, (2) areas of soils that have anomalously low...
Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a critical role in the global terrestrial carbon cycle, and a better understanding of soil processes involved in SOM stability is essential to determine how projected climate-driven changes in soil processes will influence carbon dynamics. We used 14C signature, analytical thermal analysis, and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to determine the influence of deciduous...
Grasslands play an important role in the terrestrial biogeochemical carbon (C) cycle and partly mitigate climate change through C occlusion within phytoliths. Grassland degradation has a significant influence on the coupled biogeochemical cycles of C and silicon in the Inner Mongolian steppe of China, but there are few reports about the impact of grassland degradation on phytolith C sequestration...
Sulfidization is an important soil forming process in estuarine and marine soils. There has been considerable work done in intertidal and upland soils regarding sulfides, as well as a body of research on sulfides in marine sediments, but there has been little published on sulfide distribution in subaqueous soils in the context of the pedologic approach to studying and classifying these materials....
Large amounts of sulfate and divalent iron (Fe) are released into the pore water of acid sulfate (AS) soils upon oxidation of sulfidic materials. The simultaneously produced acidity dissolves metals from the soil matrix. Reduced horizons of AS soils commonly have a large mineral nitrogen (N) stock in the form of NH4+-N, which is a potential source of N leaching and gaseous emissions. This study was...
Sulfide-containing soil materials can undergo a process known as sulfuricization if disturbed, triggering the production of sulfuric acid through the oxidation of Fe sulfides and causing environmental degradation. Several systems exist to classify these types of materials based on the level of environmental hazard that they may pose. Hypersulfidic materials undergo extreme acidification, hyposulfidic...
When acid sulfate soils containing hypersulfidic material (pH>4) dry, oxidation of pyrite causes strong acidification with the formation of sulfuric material (pH<4), which may release high concentrations of metals and metalloids. Re-submerging of sulfuric material can lead to re-formation of pyrite and pH increase to re-form hypersulfidic and hyposulfidic materials due to the action of sulfate-reducing...
Transport and retention experiments were carried out to quantify the mobility and sorption of molybdenum (Mo) and phosphate (P) in two different soils. Batch experiment was used to determine sorption isotherms over a wide range of concentrations for Mo and P. For both soils, sorption isotherms were nonlinear with higher affinity of P than Mo. Sorption of Mo was significantly reduced as the amount...
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its revised version (RUSLE) are often used to estimate soil erosion at regional landscape scales. USLE/RUSLE contain parameters for slope length factor (L) and slope steepness factor (S), usually combined as LS. However a major limitation is the difficulty in extracting the LS factor. Methods to estimate LS based on geographic information systems have been...
Acid mine drainage and acid sulfate soils are common consequences of disturbing earth materials containing pyrite and other sulfide-bearing minerals. In order to predict the acid-producing potential of geologic layers in eastern US coal mining regions, Acid-Base Accounting (ABA) was developed by researchers at West Virginia University. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the use of this...
Growing cover crops to recycle soil nutrients in no-tillage systems provide nutrients accumulation in more labile forms in the soil surface reducing the demand for fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term (23-yrs) effect of soil tillage systems and winter cover crops on (i) soil acidity, (ii) nutrient availability, and (iii) P and K budget in a subtropical Oxisol from Southern Brazil...
Literature about the historical and current recognition of kinds, names and classification for, overall processes (sulfidization and sulfuricization) that form and conditions that induce the formation of potential, active and post-active acid sulfate soils are reviewed to set the stage for papers presented elsewhere in this special issue of Geoderma that contains some of the papers presented at the...
Knowledge gained on the long-term effects of crop management practices on soil fertility is critical in developing nutrient management strategies to optimize crop yields. This study examined the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates (0, 22, 45 and 67kgNha−1) and tillage intensity [conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT)] on soil phosphorus (P),...
Landform delineation has long been used in digital soil mapping to infer soil-relevant information. While its potential as an environmental variable in soil parameter modeling has been investigated for various automated landform delineations, little research has been invested into the relationship between the delineation of landforms by algorithms based on digital terrain models (DTM) and the perception...
Changes in soil fragment size distribution (FSD) under the impacts of successive rainfall events can have strong effects on sediment export during erosion events. However, field observations on the temporal dynamics of FSD under changing rainfall conditions are rare. In this study, we applied five successive artificial rainfall events with two different rainfall intensities (25.8 and 49.1mmh−1) on...
We investigated the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of a weathering profile of the Nui Nua serpentinized ultramafic-mafic massif (Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam) using TEM-EDX, XRD, and FT-IR methods to understand the effects of monsoon climate conditions on weathering processes and clay minerals, especially transformation and neoformation of clay minerals. Clay minerals of this profile were...
Acid sulfate (a.s.) soils have long been under investigation in Finland due to their negative impact on the environment. Earlier studies have mostly focused on fine-grained (<63μm) a.s. soil materials, but acidification caused by coarse-grained (≥63μm) post-glacial a.s. soil materials has recently gotten more attention. Using a “let the soil speak for itself” incubation approach, we investigated...
Application of pyrolysed feedstocks or biochar has the potential to affect soil enzyme activity and function. Nevertheless, our detailed understanding of the mechanisms responsible for biochar-enzyme interaction is limited in arid soils. The main aim of this study was to study how the potential activity of several extra- and intra-cellular enzymes involved in C and N cycling, and microbial metabolism...
A considerable area of previously degraded pastureland in Brazil is appropriate for agricultural use, mostly for soybean cultivation. These degraded soils can be restored by establishing no-till systems which should protect the soil, enhance nutrient cycling, and be economically feasible. One of the main challenges when performing agricultural operations in these soils is soil phosphorus (P) status,...
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